(Sorry, for the long response.)
It was a challenge, mainly because I was on my iPad and had to go back and forth between Stellarium and your image. I used M39 to start because it was obvious, from there, I star-hopped and confirmed using the smaller magnitude star patterns. When looking at maps like that, I also kind of sketch out the star patterns to help locate things. That part of the sky is difficult IMO because there aren't a bunch of large star clusters or other things that are obvious. Your image helped me because I haven't been familiar with that area. I am now.
When the Teapot and Scorpius start rising, there are lots of obvious targets in that region, and they show up easily with a single long exposure. I attached an image, which isn't great, that I took a while ago from my back yard. It should have been a longer exposure. I don't remember if I posted it on here. When I get a decent tripod head, I will set up my tracker and take some long exposures of that area.
As far as you question about what you caught in your images, I think when you processed your image you got amplified noise and bloated stars. Your initial image has a nebulous bright center, and I think when you used curves and levels to brighten the stars and darken the background, you got a bunch of artifact. There is a glob in the image I attached, M22, it is a small, dim, fuzzy object.
Anyway, I hope this helps you out. What I find frustrating is that there aren't many images of large star-fields to show people what they are looking at or what to expect to see in a landscape image. I have a book that rates objects and describes what they will appear as in binoculars and telescopes. It has been my go-to reference.
Clear skies.
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