Your problem is over exposure on large white areas. This happens when you use "Matrix" metering mode for exposure. If you want the white to be properly exposed, the rest of the areas will be very dark. Here is what I do in such situation
. Mode "A" - aperture priority
. Exposure - Spot metering
. ISO - 100
. Aperture - F/8
. ISO - 100
. AF - AFC
. Use the central point for both metering and focus
. Image - RAW
Depending on the light available, you will get speeds of 1/200 to 1/2000. If the speed shown is less than 1/200, the image may blurr so increase the aperture
I use Nikon CApture NX-D to post process, so I can only describe what I do.
. Open Capure NX-D
. Select the RAW image
. Check the Histogram for over/under exposure
. Use Active D-Lighting to bring out the shadows
. Use exposure compensation to reduce the overall brightness so that the histogram does not overshoot the right side
Here is an example of how much you can recover from RAW
OVER EXPOSED

Original

Processed
SHADOW RECOVERY

Original

Processed