I started doing the first corrections in LR too, goes way faster.
Afterwards I go to PS but I dont really have a workflow, it all depends on the picture. I've set my workspace to "photography" (right corner, almost at the top) so I got easy access to the most used adjustment layers.
With adjustment layers, you get a layer mask on top - you can invert this to white, then changes wont show until you brush over the areas where you want it, with a black brush. Same goes if you want to remove some adjustments from just areas, just paint with a white brush.
If you wanna keep your adjustment layers, but make a layer with it all merged into, then (on mac) press shift-ctrl-cmd-e.
I make a lot of copies of the layers if I made an adjustment (cmd-j), so I can delete them again without deleting the whole workflow..
Ctrl-alt + dragging your mouse from left to right og reverse, lets you easily scale your brushes e.g. bigger or smaller.
Hmm, what else..
Just started using Viveza from Nik Collection, works really good. On these you can also make a mask, to brush this adjusment of (or on) some areas - hold alt down and press "create new fill or adjustment layer" all the way at the bottom below your layers, to paint it black.
Do learn the short cut keys for your different tools, its the best EVER just being able to pressing a letter and then you got your brush/lasso tool/whatever. Shift + short cut key lets you change between the tools this letter is assigned to (like g can change between paint bucket and gradient tool).
Let me know if this was confusing reading, lol.