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What's so special about Groups and Elements
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<blockquote data-quote="Scott Murray" data-source="post: 296191" data-attributes="member: 9753"><p>From Wiki:</p><p></p><p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_lens" target="_blank">Camera lens - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</a></p><p></p><p>[h=2]Number of elements<span style="font-family: 'sans-serif'">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Camera_lens&action=edit&section=4" target="_blank">edit</a>]</span>[/h]<span style="color: #252525"><span style="font-family: 'sans-serif'"><em>Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_lens_design" target="_blank">Photographic lens design</a></em></span></span></p><p><span style="color: #252525"><span style="font-family: 'sans-serif'"><p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Verguetung1.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Verguetung1.jpg/150px-Verguetung1.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a><p style="text-align: left"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Verguetung1.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf22/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a></p></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #252525"><span style="font-family: 'sans-serif'">Distinct reflections are visible from the surfaces of different lens elements in this 45mm <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS'"><em>f</em></span>/2 MD-Rokkor lens. The lens contains 6 elements in 5 groups.</p> </p><p></span></span></p><p><span style="color: #252525"><span style="font-family: 'sans-serif'">The complexity of a lens — the number of elements and their degree of asphericity — depends upon the angle of view, the maximum aperture, and intended price point, among other variables. An extreme wideangle lens of large aperture must be of very complex construction to correct for optical aberrations, which are worse at the edge of the field and when the edge of a large lens is used for image-forming. A long-focus lens of small aperture can be of very simple construction to attain comparable image quality: a doublet (two elements) will often suffice. Some older cameras were fitted with "convertible" lenses of normal focal length. The front element could be unscrewed, leaving a lens of twice the focal length, and half the angle of view and half the aperture. The simpler half-lens was of adequate quality for the narrow angle of view and small relative aperture. Obviously the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellows_(photography)" target="_blank">bellows</a> had to extend to twice the normal length.</span></span></p><p><span style="color: #252525"><span style="font-family: 'sans-serif'">Good-quality lenses with maximum aperture no greater than f/2.8 and fixed, normal, focal length need at least three (triplet) or four elements (the trade name "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessar" target="_blank">Tessar</a>" derives from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language" target="_blank">Greek</a> <em>tessera</em>, meaning "four"). The widest-range zooms often have fifteen or more. The reflection of light at each of the many interfaces between different optical media (air, glass, plastic) seriously degraded the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrast_(vision)" target="_blank">contrast</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_saturation" target="_blank">color saturation</a> of early lenses, particularly zoom lenses, especially where the lens was directly illuminated by a light source. The introduction many years ago of optical coatings, and advances in coating technology over the years, have resulted in major improvements, and modern high-quality zoom lenses give images of quite acceptable contrast, although zoom lenses with many elements will transmit less light than lenses made with fewer elements (all other factors such as aperture, focal length, and coatings being equal).[SUP]<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_lens#cite_note-16" target="_blank">[16]</a>[/SUP]</span></span></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Scott Murray, post: 296191, member: 9753"] From Wiki: [url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_lens]Camera lens - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia[/url] [h=2]Number of elements[FONT=sans-serif][[URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Camera_lens&action=edit§ion=4"]edit[/URL]][/FONT][/h][COLOR=#252525][FONT=sans-serif][I]Main article: [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_lens_design"]Photographic lens design[/URL][/I][/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#252525][FONT=sans-serif][CENTER][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Verguetung1.jpg"][IMG]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Verguetung1.jpg/150px-Verguetung1.jpg[/IMG][/URL][LEFT][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Verguetung1.jpg"][IMG]http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf22/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png[/IMG][/URL] Distinct reflections are visible from the surfaces of different lens elements in this 45mm [FONT=Trebuchet MS][I]f[/I][/FONT]/2 MD-Rokkor lens. The lens contains 6 elements in 5 groups.[/LEFT] [/CENTER] [/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#252525][FONT=sans-serif]The complexity of a lens — the number of elements and their degree of asphericity — depends upon the angle of view, the maximum aperture, and intended price point, among other variables. An extreme wideangle lens of large aperture must be of very complex construction to correct for optical aberrations, which are worse at the edge of the field and when the edge of a large lens is used for image-forming. A long-focus lens of small aperture can be of very simple construction to attain comparable image quality: a doublet (two elements) will often suffice. Some older cameras were fitted with "convertible" lenses of normal focal length. The front element could be unscrewed, leaving a lens of twice the focal length, and half the angle of view and half the aperture. The simpler half-lens was of adequate quality for the narrow angle of view and small relative aperture. Obviously the [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellows_(photography)"]bellows[/URL] had to extend to twice the normal length.[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#252525][FONT=sans-serif]Good-quality lenses with maximum aperture no greater than f/2.8 and fixed, normal, focal length need at least three (triplet) or four elements (the trade name "[URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessar"]Tessar[/URL]" derives from the [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language"]Greek[/URL] [I]tessera[/I], meaning "four"). The widest-range zooms often have fifteen or more. The reflection of light at each of the many interfaces between different optical media (air, glass, plastic) seriously degraded the[URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrast_(vision)"]contrast[/URL] and [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_saturation"]color saturation[/URL] of early lenses, particularly zoom lenses, especially where the lens was directly illuminated by a light source. The introduction many years ago of optical coatings, and advances in coating technology over the years, have resulted in major improvements, and modern high-quality zoom lenses give images of quite acceptable contrast, although zoom lenses with many elements will transmit less light than lenses made with fewer elements (all other factors such as aperture, focal length, and coatings being equal).[SUP][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_lens#cite_note-16"][16][/URL][/SUP][/FONT][/COLOR] [/QUOTE]
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