With umbrellas, size is not really about the speedlight. Size does affect the softness (light quality), and big can fill a larger area, but we don't measure the ceiling before we bounce from it.
The larger umbrellas have longer shafts, so the speedlight can still fill them. Sometimes a bigger factor is what size can you work around in a small space?
But umbrella size really won't matter to the speedlight itself. Here are some metered measurements I made of it (towards bottom of page - Metered Power Comparisons):
Which is softer, Reflected or Shoot-through Umbrellas?
Softboxes seem another story. The fresnel lens on the speedlight focuses its light to just be a spot on the front fabric, instead of filling the box as designed. Light still comes out, but studio lights are used as bare bulb in there, 180 degree spread.